Millennial Canadians dealt generational losing hand, layered in debt: insolvency trustee

Insolvency trustee Doug Hoyes encounters a lot of Canadians with money troubles, but he's become particularly sympathetic to the plight of young people who find themselves financially underwater.

For more than a decade, his Ontario-based firm Hoyes Michalos has been crunching bankruptcy and insolvency numbers for its annual "Joe Debtor" analysis, with its latest results released last month ahead of tax season.

He's concluded that millennial Canadians have been dealt a generational losing hand as they face student loans layered with bad debts from credit cards, high-interest loans, and post-pandemic tax debt from collecting CERB.

"I think there's a whole bunch of whammies that have hit millennials." Hoyes said. "The CERB was the final straw that broke the camel's back."

The 2022 Joe Debtor study examined 2,700 personal insolvencies filed in Ontario. Hoyes Michalos says 49 per cent were filed by millennials aged 26 to 41, even though they make up 27 per cent of adult Canadians.

The study found that on a per-population basis, millennials were 1.4 times more likely to file for insolvency than people in generation X aged 42 to 56, and 1.7 times more likely than baby boomers aged 57 to 76.

Insolvent millennials were on average 33 years old and owed an average of $47,283 in unsecured debt.

Hoyes said many people collected CERB and other pandemic-relief funds without fully appreciating the tax liabilities those programs generated, finding themselves insolvent and unable to pay down their credit cards, student loans, high-interest loans, and lastly their tax debts.

More than 100,000 Canadians of all ages filed for bankruptcy or insolvency in 2022.

But older generations, Hoyes said, have enjoyed many advantages.

Housing prices were more in step with wages. Tuition fees didn't necessitate student loans, allowing graduates to enter the workforce and start saving and investing out of the gate, rather than having to service large debts for years after completing their education.

Hoyes said those circumstances represented a "safety valve" that young people now can't rely on.

"Anything goes wrong like a pandemic, or you lose your job or you get sick or you get divorced and boom, there is no safety valve there," he said.

Filing for bankruptcy, he said, is an option to eliminate debts, but most people end up filing consumer proposals with the help of insolvency trustees like him to pay them down over time in manageable portions.

"It becomes an affordable way to eliminate the debt, and that's why we're seeing more and more millennials resorting to consumer proposals," he said. "They really have no other choice."

Sandra Fry, a Winnipeg-based credit counsellor with the non-profit Credit Counselling Society, said many young people who seek alternatives to insolvency and bankruptcy are dealing with the shock of rising interest rates.

"Unfortunately, a lot of people out there are living on the edge of their affordability," Fry said.

Fry said the Credit Counselling Society sees all types of people struggling financially with rising costs that are "really squeezing Canadians in general from all sides."

The society helps people struggling with debt, negotiating with creditors to eliminate interest on loans, but also refers people in some situations to bankruptcy and insolvency trustees.

Millennial clients she's dealt with lately have often had variable interest rate mortgages, and rate hikes "caused huge strain on their budget because their payments just went up like crazy."

Dave Locke, 31, lives with his wife in Coquitlam, B.C., east of Vancouver, and the couple sought Fry's help when their mortgage payments jumped dramatically in the middle of a costly renovation.

Locke, who works for a real estate brokerage, got into the housing market at a young age having worked in the oil and gas industry after high school.

He ended up buying a home in Coquitlam with his wife Tara, who works in labour relations, and the Bank of Canada's rate hikes eventually saw their monthly mortgage payments jump 40 per cent.

The couple had a construction loan with their bank to fund the renovations, and as interest rates climbed and the price of construction materials ballooned, Locke realized something had to give, even with their relatively high combined incomes.

Insolvency or bankruptcy weren't options for the couple because they wanted to keep their assets, but the Credit Counselling Society was able to work out a deal with their bank to eliminate interest on the renovation loan.

"I'm still paying the full balance," Locke said. "I'm just not paying any additional interest."

Locke said the stress and stigma of debt is embarrassing, "but it's just the way it goes."

"You have to kind of swallow your pride," he said.

Grant Bazian, a licensed insolvency trustee and president of MNP Ltd. in Vancouver, said he's seen many clients "keeping up with the Joneses," but living beyond their means and getting stuck in a cycle of high interest debt from payday loans and credit cards, layered on top of "ridiculous" housing costs.

Bazian said there's likely no "one magic bullet" to alleviate the debt woes of young people, many of whom are coming to see him racked with anxiety and other mental health issues.

For accountant Hoyes back in Ontario, putting out the firm's Joe Debtor study every year is a way of letting people know they're not alone and to remind them of legal options to start anew financially.

Hoyes said it would be a mistake to automatically blame millennials for their money trouble because "you cannot be blaming an entire generation for how the deck is stacked against them."

"You don't have to keep working two jobs for the next 20 years," he said. "There are legal ways to eliminate a chunk of your debt, and yeah, it hurts your credit temporarily and it's not something you want to do, but sometimes surgery is the answer."